İngilizce
Cümle Yapısı ve Yardımcı Fiillerin İşlevleri
The English tense system is
actually very simple.
The basic structure for a positive sentence
is:
Subject
+ Auxiliary Verb + Main Verb
An auxiliary verb
is used in all tenses. (In the Simple Present and Simple Past tenses,
the auxiliary verb is usually suppressed, but it can and does exist for
intensification.)
The following table shows the
12 basic tenses for the verb "to walk" in the active
voice.
| |
Structure
|
Past |
Present |
Future |
| |
|
auxiliary |
main
|
| Simple |
normal |
|
|
I
talked |
I
talk
She talks
|
I
will talk |
|
intensive
vurgulamalı
|
do |
base |
I did walk |
I do walk
She does talk
|
|
| Perfect Simple |
have |
past participle |
I had walked |
I have walked |
I will have walked |
| Continuous |
be |
-ing |
I was walking |
I am walking |
I will be walking |
| Perfect Continuous |
have been |
-ing |
I had been walking |
I have been walking |
I will have been walking |
Example
for a Regular Verb
This is an example
of the English tense system with the regular verb "to talk". It includes
the affirmative or positive form (+), the negative form (-) and the interrogative
or question form (?).
The basic structure
is:
- Positive:
Subject + Auxiliary Verb + Main Verb
- Negative:
Subject + Auxiliary Verb + Not + Main Verb
- Question: Auxiliary
Verb + Subject + Main Verb
Base
Verb
(infinitive form)
|
Past
|
Past
Participle
|
|
talk
|
talked
|
(have/has/had)
talked
|
| |
|
Past
|
Present
|
Future
|
SIMPLE
do + base verb
(except Future:
will + base verb) |
+
|
I did
talk.
I talked. |
I do talk.
I work. |
I will
talk. |
|
-
|
I did
not talk. |
I do not
talk. |
I will
not talk. |
|
?
|
Did I
talk? |
Do I talk?
|
Will I
talk? |
PERFECT
SIMPLE
have + past participle |
+
|
I had
talked. |
I have
talked. |
I will
have talked. |
|
-
|
I had
not talked. |
I have
not talked. |
I will
not have talked. |
|
?
|
Had I
talked? |
Have I
talked? |
Will I
have talked? |
CONTINUOUS
be + -ing |
+
|
I was
talking. |
I am talking.
|
I will
be talking. |
|
-
|
I was
not talking. |
I am not
talking. |
I will
not be talking. |
|
?
|
Was I
talking? |
Am I talking?
|
Will I
be talking? |
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
have been + -ing |
+
|
I had
been talking. |
I have
been talking. |
I will
have been talking. |
|
-
|
I had
not been talking. |
I have
not been talking. |
I will
not have been talking. |
|
?
|
Had I
been talking? |
Have I
been talking? |
Will I
have been talking? |
Example
for an Irregular Verb
This is an example
of the English tense system with the irregular verb "to begin". It includes
the affirmative or positive form (+), the negative form (-) and the interrogative
or question form (?).
The basic structure
is:
- Positive: Subject
+ Auxiliary Verb + Main Verb
- Negative: Subject
+ Auxiliary Verb + Not + Main Verb
- Question: Auxiliary
Verb + Subject + Main Verb
|
Base Verb
|
Past
|
Past Participle
|
| begin |
began |
(have/has/had)
begun
|
| |
|
Past |
Present |
Future |
SIMPLE
do + base verb
(except Future:
will + base verb) |
+ |
I did begin.
I began. |
I do begin.
I begin. |
I will
begin. |
| - |
I did not begin.
|
I do not
begin. |
I will
not begin. |
| ? |
Did I begin? |
Do I begin?
|
Will I
begin? |
PERFECT
SIMPLE
have + past participle |
+ |
I had begun. |
I have
begun. |
I will
have begun. |
| - |
I had not begun.
|
I have
not begun. |
I will
not have begun. |
| ? |
Had I
begun? |
Have I
begun? |
Will I
have begun? |
CONTINUOUS
be + -ing |
+ |
I was
beginning. |
I am beginning. |
I will
be beginning. |
| - |
I was
not beginning. |
I am not
beginning. |
I will
not be beginning. |
| ? |
Was I
beginning? |
Am I beginning?
|
Will I
be beginning? |
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
have been + -ing |
+ |
I had
been beginning. |
I have
been beginning. |
I will
have been beginning. |
| - |
I had
not been beginning. |
I have
not been beginning. |
I will
not have been beginning. |
| ? |
Had I
been beginning? |
Have I
been beginning? |
Will I
have been beginning? |
|
